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Что (кто) такое Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi - определение
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.png?width=200 "Page from ''Corpus Christi College MS 283''. A Latin translation of al-Khwārizmī's ''Zīj''.")
.png?width=200 "Algorists vs. abacists, depicted in a sketch from 1508 CE")
![''Geography'']] for comparison.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PtolemyWorldMap.jpg?width=200 "''Geography'']] for comparison.")
![Dragon's Tail]], or the eastern opening of the Indian Ocean, which does not exist in Ptolemy's description, is traced in very little detail on al-Khwārizmī's map, although is clear and precise on the Martellus map and on the later Behaim version.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/World map by Al-Khwarizmi.svg?width=200 "Dragon's Tail]], or the eastern opening of the Indian Ocean, which does not exist in Ptolemy's description, is traced in very little detail on al-Khwārizmī's map, although is clear and precise on the Martellus map and on the later Behaim version.")
Википедия
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Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Arabic: محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي, romanized: Muḥammad ibn Musā al-Khwārazmi; c. 780 – c. 850), or al-Khwarizmi, was a Persian polymath from Khwarazm, who produced vastly influential works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. Around 820 CE, he was appointed as the astronomer and head of the library of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad.: 14
Al-Khwarizmi's popularizing treatise on algebra (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, c. 813–833 CE: 171 ) presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations. One of his principal achievements in algebra was his demonstration of how to solve quadratic equations by completing the square, for which he provided geometric justifications.: 14 Because he was the first to treat algebra as an independent discipline and introduced the methods of "reduction" and "balancing" (the transposition of subtracted terms to the other side of an equation, that is, the cancellation of like terms on opposite sides of the equation), he has been described as the father or founder of algebra. The term algebra itself comes from the title of his book (the word al-jabr meaning "completion" or "rejoining"). His name gave rise to the terms algorism and algorithm, the Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese terms algoritmo, and the Spanish guarismo and Portuguese algarismo, both meaning "digit".
In the 12th century, Latin translations of his textbook on arithmetic (Algorithmo de Numero Indorum) which codified the various Indian numerals, introduced the decimal positional number system to the Western world. The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, translated into Latin by Robert of Chester in 1145, was used until the sixteenth century as the principal mathematical text-book of European universities.
In addition to his best-known works, he revised Ptolemy's Geography, listing the longitudes and latitudes of various cities and localities.: 9 He further produced a set of astronomical tables and wrote about calendaric works, as well as the astrolabe and the sundial. He also made important contributions to trigonometry, producing accurate sine and cosine tables, and the first table of tangents.
